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Anna Magnani ((:ˈanna maɲˈɲaːni); 7 March 1908 – 26 September 1973) was an Italian stage and film actress.〔Obituary ''Variety'', 3 October 1973, pg. 47〕 She won the Academy Award for Best Actress, along with four other international awards, for her portrayal of a Sicilian widow in ''The Rose Tattoo''. Born in Rome,〔 she worked her way through Rome's Academy of Dramatic Art by singing at night clubs. During her career, her only child was stricken by polio when he was 18 months old and remained crippled. She was referred to as "La Lupa," the "perennial toast of Rome" and a "living she-wolf symbol" of the cinema. ''Time'' magazine described her personality as "fiery", and drama critic Harold Clurman said her acting was "volcanic". In the realm of Italian cinema she was "passionate, fearless, and exciting," an actress that film historian Barry Monush calls "the volcanic earth mother of all Italian cinema."〔Monush, Barry. ''The Encyclopedia of Hollywood Film Actors'', Hal Leonard Corp. (2003)〕 Director Roberto Rossellini called her "the greatest acting genius since Eleonora Duse".〔Johnson, Bruce. (''Miracles and Sacrilege: Roberto Rossellini, the Church, and Film Censorship'' ), University of Toronto Press (2008) pg. 194〕 Playwright Tennessee Williams became an admirer of her acting and wrote ''The Rose Tattoo'' specifically for her to star in, a role for which she received an Oscar in 1955. After meeting director Goffredo Alessandrini she received her first screen role in ''La cieca di Sorrento'' (''The Blind Woman of Sorrento'') (1934) and later achieved international fame in Rossellini's ''Rome, Open City'' (1945), considered the first significant movie to launch the Italian neorealism movement in cinema.〔 As an actress she became recognized for her dynamic and forceful portrayals of "earthy lower-class women"〔''Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Encyclopedia'', Merriam-Webster, (2000)〕 in such films as ''L'Amore'' (1948), ''Bellissima'' (1951), ''The Rose Tattoo'' (1955), ''The Fugitive Kind'' (1959) and ''Mamma Roma'' (1962). As early as 1950 ''Life'' magazine had already stated that Magnani was "one of the most impressive actresses since Garbo".〔 ==Early years== Magnani's parentage and birthplace are uncertain. Some sources suggest she was born in Rome, other in Egypt.〔''International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers - 3: Actors and Actresses'', St. James Press (1997)〕 Her mother was Marina Magnani.〔 The film director, Franco Zeffirelli, who claimed to know Magnani well, states in his autobiography that she was born in Alexandria, Egypt, to an Italian-Jewish mother and Egyptian father, and that "only later did she become Roman when her grandmother brought her over and raised her in one of the Roman slum districts."〔''Zeffirelli: An Autobiography'', Weidenfeld & Nicolson (1986) p. 78〕 Magnani herself stated that her mother was married in Egypt but returned to Rome before giving birth to her at Porta Pia; and did not know how the rumour of her Egyptian birth got started.〔http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1ar9MKQn74〕〔http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7m_hzYqTNI&feature=youtu.be〕 She was enrolled in a French convent school in Rome where she learned to speak French and play the piano. She also developed a passion for acting from watching the nuns stage their Christmas plays. This period of formal education lasted until the age of fourteen.〔 She was a "plain, frail child with a forlornness of spirit". Her grandparents compensated by pampering her with food and clothes. Yet while growing up, she is said to have felt more at ease around "more earthly" companions, often befriending the "toughest kid on the block".〔 This trait carried over into her adult life when she proclaimed, "I hate respectability. Give me the life of the streets, of common people."〔 At age 17, she went on to study at the Eleonora Duse Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in Rome for two years.〔Kobler, John.("Tempest on the Tiber" ) ''Life'', 13 February 1950〕 To support herself, Magnani sang in nightclubs and cabarets; leading to her being dubbed "the Italian Édith Piaf". However, an actor friend Micky Knox, writes that she "never studied acting formally" and started her career in Italian music halls singing traditional Roman Folk songs. "She was instinctive" he writes. "She had the ability to call up emotions at will, to move an audience, to convince them that life on the stage was as real and natural as life in their own kitchen."〔Knox, Mickey. ''The Good, the Bad, and the Dolce Vita'', Nation Books (2004), pg. 126〕 ;Stage She was considered an "outstanding theatre actress" in ''Anna Christie'' and ''The Petrified Forest'' and had a successful career in variety shows.〔Thomson, David. ''The New Biographical Dictionary of Film'', Alfred A. Knopf (2002)〕 ;Early film roles In 1933 she was acting in experimental plays in Rome when she was discovered by Italian filmmaker Goffredo Alessandrini.〔 He had been one of the first Italian filmmakers to make use of sound. The two married the same year, and he subsequently directed her in her first major film role in ''The Blind Woman of Sorrento'' (''La Cieca di Sorrento'') in 1934. In 1941, Magnani starred in ''Teresa Venerdì'' (''Friday Theresa'') with the writer and director Vittorio De Sica. He called this Magnani's "first true film". In it she plays Loletta Prima, the girlfriend of De Sica’s character, Pietro Vignali. De Sica described Magnani's laugh as "loud, overwhelming, and tragic". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anna Magnani」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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